And I'm Barbara Klein. This week on our program, we take you to President Lincoln's Cottage in Washington.
我是Barbara Klein，这星期我们将带你去华盛顿林肯别墅。
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
Our story begins on the evening of Wednesday, September seventeenth, eighteen sixty-two.
我们的故事从一个星期三的晚上开始，九月十七日，一八六二年。
The Civil War between the Union North and Confederate South is in its second year. The first major battle on Northern territory has just been fought that day a hundred kilometers from Washington. Union troops defeated a rebel invasion in the Battle of Antietam in the state of Maryland.
南北战争进入第二年，第一次在北方领土上的大战在距华盛顿一百公里处打响了，在马里兰州北方联军击败了反叛者的入侵。
In all, more than twenty thousand soldiers were killed or wounded. September seventeenth, eighteen sixty-two, becomes the single bloodiest day in American military history.
总共有超过两万战士伤亡，一八六二年九月十七日成了美国军事史上的最血腥之日。
President Abraham Lincoln is fighting to keep the Southern states of the Confederacy from leaving the Union. But from his office in the White House, he must also attend to his other duties as president of the United States.
林肯总统正在努力让南联盟不脱离国家，但在白宫的办公室里，作为美国总统，他还有其他事要做。
VOICE TWO:
In summertime, which can get very hot in Washington, President Lincoln used a country house. It was about five kilometers from the White House. Each morning and evening, Lincoln rode between the two houses on horseback, unguarded.
华盛顿的夏天很热，林肯住在离白宫五公里的乡村，每天早晚，林肯骑马在两处往返，没有护卫。
Buildings would give way to farmland as he rode north out of the city. In about thirty minutes, he would arrive at the grounds of the Soldiers' Home.
出城向北农田里有一条路，大概半小时，就可以到达士兵之家。
Just inside the gate was a large house used by the president and his family. This house was on much higher ground than the White House, so the wind kept it cooler. It was also quiet -- a place to think.
在大门里是一栋大房子，林肯和家人住在这里，这栋房子比白宫高出许多，所以更凉快，而且安静，适合思考。
VOICE ONE:
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A meeting, with President Lincoln third from left |
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On this day we imagine Lincoln climbing the stairs to his study on the second floor. He places his tall black hat on his desk and opens a large window. He feels cooler already. He lights two lamps and sits down at the desk.
我们可以想象林肯怎样爬上他二楼的书房，他把高高的黑礼帽放在桌子上，点上两盏灯，然后坐在桌子旁。
An important document that he has been writing, and rewriting, waits for him. He began working on it soon after he became president in eighteen sixty-one.
一份他改了又改的重要文件在等着他，在他一八六一年刚成为总统时就开始这项工作了。
Lincoln has been thinking long and hard to develop his ideas and capture them in words. What he is writing sounds like it was written by a lawyer. He was, after all, a lawyer in Illinois before he became president. But this is different. It involves the war, the ownership of human beings and the future of the divided nation.
林肯用很长时间努力把自己的想法变成文字，他在写得东西听起来像是一个律师写得，毕竟他在成为总统前是伊利诺伊州的一个律师。但这次不同，它包括战争，私有制，和这个分开的国家的未来。
He knows that some people will support it, some will reject it and some will say it changes nothing. It will free the slaves, but only in areas where Lincoln has no power.
他知道有人会支持，有人会反对，有人会说那没有用，它将会解放奴隶，但奴隶在林肯权利达不到的地方。
VOICE TWO:
Slavery was legal in the Confederate States of America -- the South. But it was also legal in several neighboring states that remained loyal to the Union.
奴隶制在南联邦是合法的，同时在邻近的几个对北联盟忠诚的州也是合法的。
Many Americans wanted Lincoln to free all the slaves. Lincoln opposed slavery. But he needed the continued loyalty of those border states, like Maryland and Kentucky, or risk losing the Civil War.
许多美国人希望解放所有奴隶，林肯反对奴隶制，但他也需要邻近各州继续忠诚比如马里兰和肯塔基，否则将要冒输掉战争的风险。
VOICE ONE:
The sixteenth president looks again at what he has written. Lincoln feels that what he is doing will give the war effort new meaning. He feels that in time it will lead to the end of slavery in the United States.
第十六任总统重新看了一遍他写的东西，林肯认为他所做的事会赋予战争新的意义，他感觉战争会结束美国的奴隶制度。
On this day, September seventeenth, he has finished his second draft of the preliminary Emancipation Proclamation. Soon he will share it with his cabinet.
九月十七日，他完成了解放宣言的第二稿，很快他会给他的内阁看。
(MUSIC)
VOICE TWO:
Abraham Lincoln issued the preliminary version five days later, on September twenty-second, eighteen sixty-two. It declared that slaves would be free anywhere that was still in rebellion on January first, eighteen sixty-three.
林肯五天后发表了预案，一八六二年九月二十二日，公布了叛乱地区的所有奴隶将获得自由，在一八六三年一月一日。
The final version of the Emancipation Proclamation came on January first, declaring: " ... all persons held as slaves within any State or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free ... "
解放宣言的最终版在一月一日发布，所有各州或各州指定地区的所有奴隶，（这段不知怎么译）将永远获得自由。
The document would become one of the most important in American history. The Emancipation Proclamation is in the National Archives in Washington, and it can be seen online at archives.gov.
这份文件将成为美国历史上的一份重要文件，解放宣言保存在华盛顿的美国档案馆，可以在线浏览。
VOICE ONE:
Lincoln was right that it would not be very popular. But he was also right that it would be the first step toward ending slavery in the United States.
林肯是对的，它并不被完全接受。但它确实是结束美国奴隶制度的第一步。
The proclamation also welcomed freed slaves to serve in the Union Army and Navy. By the end of the war, more than two hundred thousand blacks had joined the armed services.
宣言也欢迎自由的奴隶参军，到战争末期，超过两万黑人参军。
(MUSIC)
VOICE TWO:
The Civil War lasted from eighteen sixty-one to eighteen sixty-five. Troops were stationed at the Soldiers' Home to protect President Lincoln during the war. At first he did not welcome them. He did not think he needed their protection. But he began to enjoy talking to them. In fact, much of what historians know about the president's time at the house is from stories told by those soldiers.
内战从一八六二年持续到一八六五年，骑兵连驻扎在士兵之家保护林肯。开始时他不欢迎他们，林肯认为他不需要保护，但他开始喜欢和他们交谈，实际上那些历史学家是通过战士的故事了解林肯的这段生活的。
One soldier told of guarding the president's house on a day when Lincoln was sitting on the porch with his young son Tad. They were playing a game of checkers. The president asked the solder to put down his rifle and join them.
一个战士谈到一天他站岗时，林肯正和他的儿子坐在走廊里下跳棋，总统要那个战士放下枪和他们一起玩。
The young soldier was confused. He was supposed to guard the president, not play a game. But the president was also commander-in-chief of the Army and Navy. The soldier decided he could not refuse the request. He spent the afternoon playing checkers with the president.
年轻的士兵有点犹豫，他被要求保护总统不是和他玩，但是总统也是军队的最高指挥官，战士不能拒绝这个要求，他和总统下了一下午跳棋。
VOICE ONE:
Not far from the house was a military hospital. The president would sometimes watch the wagons arriving with soldiers wounded in the war. He would sometimes talk with the soldiers. The man with the long, sad face wanted to hear news about the battles they had been fighting. He said it helped him understand their experiences.
离房子不远是军队医院，总统有时会看那些拉着伤兵的马车，他有时会和那些士兵交谈，这个长着脸的男人希望听到有关战争的消息，他说这帮助他理解他们的经历。
(MUSIC)
VOICE TWO:
Today the house at the Soldiers' Home is known as President Lincoln's Cottage. But Lincoln was not the first president to use it. That was James Buchanan, the president just before him. Later, presidents Rutherford Hayes and Chester Arthur also used it.
今天士兵之家的房子以林肯故居闻名，但林肯不是第一个住在这里的总统，第一个是James Buchanan，他的前任，在林肯之后Rutherford Hayes and Chester Arthur 也住过。
A Washington banker named George Washington Riggs built the house in eighteen forty-two. In eighteen fifty-one, he sold the house and the land around it to the federal government.
一个叫George Washington Riggs 的银行家一八四二年建造了这座房子，一八五一年他把房子和房子周围的土地卖给了联邦政府。
The government later expanded the house and used the land to build the Soldiers' Home for veterans. Today it is called the Armed Forces Retirement Home. More than one thousand retired service members live there.
政府后来扩建了房子并利用那块土地为老兵建了士兵之家，今天叫三军退伍军人之家。超过一百个退伍老兵住在这里。
VOICE ONE:
The location of President Lincoln's Cottage has not changed since Lincoln's day. But the city of Washington has. The house is now within the city limits.
林肯总统的别墅位置自从那时起就从未变过，但华盛顿变了，现在房子在城市之中了。
Historians have compared it to the modern presidential retreat in the mountains of Maryland. They call it a kind of nineteenth century Camp David.
历史学家把它和现代的马里兰山区的总统退隐处作比较，他们把它称作十九世纪的Camp David
The thirty-four room house opened to the public in February of two thousand eight after fifteen million dollars in work. The National Trust for Historic Preservation has restored the building so it looks as it did when Lincoln and his family lived there.
在一千五百万美元开始筹集后，（这句有点含糊）2008年二月这座三十四个房间的房子已向公众开放，国民托管组织已经恢复了建筑原貌以使其看起来像是林肯和家人住在这里时的样子。
For example, workers removed more than twenty layers of paint from one room. The paint hid the wooden walls of what was Lincoln's library. Visitors can see lines left by bookshelves on the walls.
例如，工人们移动了从一个房间里移动了超过二十级油漆画的台阶，这些台阶隐藏了原林肯藏书室的木墙，参观者可以看到书架留在墙上的痕迹。
VOICE TWO:
Guides tell visitors that Lincoln lived at the house for one-fourth of his time as president. He and his family would go to the house in June or early July and stay until early November. They did this in eighteen sixty-two, sixty-three and sixty-four.
导游告诉参观者，林肯作总统的四分之一时间是在这里度过的，他和他的家人会在六月或七月初来这里一直呆到十一月初，他们在一八六二，六三，和六四年来过。
Records show that one year, White House workers moved nineteen wagonloads of belongings to the house. These included toys, clothing and furniture.
记录显示一年，白宫的工作人员曾搬走了十九卡车的东西，包括玩具，服装和家具。
VOICE ONE:
One night in eighteen sixty-four, President Lincoln survived an assassination attempt. He was alone, returning on horseback from Washington. Someone shot at him. It happened near the house. His tall hat flew off and soldiers found it on the ground with a bullet hole through it. He was not injured.
一八六三年的一天晚上，在一次刺杀中幸免于难，在他骑马从华盛顿返回时，有人向他开枪，就在房子附近，他的高帽子飞到地上，士兵后来发现那上面有个弹孔，他没有受伤。
After that, the War Department increased his protection. But it was not enough to save his life.
在那以后，美国陆军部加强了对他的保护。但那还不足够。
Records show that he visited his country house for the last time on April thirteenth, eighteen sixty-five. The next day, John Wilkes Booth, an actor and supporter of the defeated Confederacy, shot President Lincoln at Ford's Theatre in Washington.
记录显示他最后一次到他的乡村别墅是一八六五年四月十三日。次日，John Wilkes Booth，一个支持被战败的南联盟的演员，在华盛顿的福特剧院向林肯开枪。
(MUSIC)
VOICE ONE:
Our program was written by Nancy Steinbach and produced by Caty Weaver. I'm Steve Ember.
VOICE TWO:
And I'm Barbara Klein. Internet users can learn more about President Lincoln's Cottage at lincolncottage.org. For a link, and for transcripts, MP3s and podcasts of our programs, go to voaspecialenglish.com. We hope you can join us again next week for THIS IS AMERICA in VOA Special English.
[此贴被系统于2008-3-22 17:30:14编辑过]
[此贴被系统于2008-3-23 8:53:11编辑过]
[此贴被系统于2008-3-26 8:06:52编辑过]
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